大塚研究員の論文が『The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology』に掲載されました
大塚結喜研究員の論文「High-performers use the phonological loop less to process mental arithmetic during working memory tasks」が、2014年11月付で『The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology』に掲載されました。
○論文の内容
これまで複雑な暗算（たとえば複数桁の数字同士の繰り上がりのある足し算）では、音韻情報を短期的に保持するワーキングメモリの音韻ループと情報の操作を担うワーキングメモリの中央実行系が必要であることが知られてきました。しかし本研究で暗算成績の低い成人グループ（低成績群）と暗算成績の高い群（高成績群）を比較したところ、低成績群は音韻ループと中央実行系を使用していましたが、高成績群は中央実行系だけを利用している可能性が示されました。この結果から、中央実行系で情報をうまく操作して音韻ループでの短期保持をせずに済む方略を利用することが、暗算で高成績をあげるのに重要な可能性が示されました。（大塚結喜）
Otsuka, Y., and Osaka, N. (in press). High-performers use the phonological loop less to process mental arithmetic during working memory tasks, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17470218.2014.966728#abstract
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of three working memory components–the central executive, phonological loop, and visuospatial sketchpad–on performance differences in complex mental arithmetic between individuals. Using the dual-task method, we examined how performance during two-digit addition was affected by load on the central executive (random tapping condition), phonological loop (articulatory suppression condition), and visuospatial sketchpad (spatial tapping condition) compared to that under no load (control condition) in high- and low-performers of complex mental arithmetic in Experiment 1. Low-performers showed an increase in errors under the random tapping and articulatory suppression conditions, whereas high-performers showed an increase of errors only under the random tapping condition. In Experiment 2, we conducted similar experiments on only the high-performers but used a shorter presentation time of each number. We found the same pattern for performing complex mental arithmetic as seen in Experiment 1. These results indicate that high-performers might reduce their dependence on the phonological loop, because the central executive enables them to choose a strategy in which they use less working memory capacity.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17470218.2014.966728#abstract
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of three working memory components–the central executive, phonological loop, and visuospatial sketchpad–on performance differences in complex mental arithmetic between individuals. Using the dual-task method, we examined how performance during two-digit addition was affected by load on the central executive (random tapping condition), phonological loop (articulatory suppression condition), and visuospatial sketchpad (spatial tapping condition) compared to that under no load (control condition) in high- and low-performers of complex mental arithmetic in Experiment 1. Low-performers showed an increase in errors under the random tapping and articulatory suppression conditions, whereas high-performers showed an increase of errors only under the random tapping condition. In Experiment 2, we conducted similar experiments on only the high-performers but used a shorter presentation time of each number. We found the same pattern for performing complex mental arithmetic as seen in Experiment 1. These results indicate that high-performers might reduce their dependence on the phonological loop, because the central executive enables them to choose a strategy in which they use less working memory capacity.
2015/04/20